Flourishing of Indian Culture in Gupta Empire Essay

The era of Gupta Empire, which lasted for two centuries on the territories of modern northern India, can be named as a period of economic, cultural and social rise of Indian community. Leadership of the Emperors of Gupta Dynasty was very successful, and there were peace, order and social harmony set up at Gupta territories. Such circumstances favored the development and flourishing of culture and intellectual science in Gupta Empire. Wall-paintings of Ajanta Caves in Deccan demonstrate high level of artistic skills, creativity and imagination of Gupta painters. The main themes of those paintings are religious motifs and daily life of Gupta people. Also, there are magnificent sculptures and powerful statues, which mostly image different Buddhist gods and are still in good state of preservation. Architectural monuments of those times are mostly Hindu temples with towers. This period can be characterized by combining of traditional forms with new aspects in all branches of Indian art. Popularization of Sanskrit language brought to considerable rise in literature. Outstanding Gupta poets Kalidasa, Dandi, Shudaka contributed to Indian literature their poetry, comedies and dramas, in which they used to address to lyrical, religious, epic, narrative and erotic motives. In those times a great number of books and researches were written, both literary and scientific, including famous Kamasutra, the work about the art of physical love. During the Gupta Age a lot of achievements took place in such disciplines, like mathematic, logic, astronomy, medicine, veterinary, and others. For example, a new Gupta numerical system was developed from the Brahmi numerals, which later on influenced Roman decimal system. Gupta astronomers could calculate the duration of the solar year, and Gupta doctors could do a type of operation, which is known now as Caesarian section. Unfortunately, the Gupta Era and its cultural progress did not last long. The main reason of this can be the fall of the Empire as a result of invasions of the White Huns from the South and the West. This caused the split up of the Empire and assimilation of Gupta people into other Asian nations. Nevertheless, a lot of cultural memorials and intellectual achievements could survive and contribute into further development of Indian community and the whole humanity. Bibliography: †¢ Gupta Empire. (2006, February). Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved March 20, 2006, from: . †¢ Gupta Empire in India. (1995, September). Indian Child. A Parent’s Guide to Internet Safety. Retrieved March 20, 2006, from: . †¢ Hooker, R. (1999, July 6). World Civilizations: The Age of Guptas and After. Washington State University. Board of Regents. Retrieved March 20, 2006, from . †¢ The Gupta Age. (n. d. ). Today’s India. Embassy of India in Havana. Retrieved March 20, 2006, from: .

Importance of IT measurements for an organization Essay

The performance of a business is a strategic issue which depends greatly on IT contribution. IT is crucial for any business to grow as it enables efficient and effective communication between the employees and with the customers. Similarly, in collaboration with internet, IT provides means of networking, marketing and communication. It provides storage capacity for the company’s data, data protection, data processing, transmission and retrieval of data as required (Alexandrou, 2009). Furthermore, it saves space which would have been used for storage of many paper works. IT has many advantages to a business but it can also have disadvantages. It is therefore important for businesses to evaluate it before adopting it within its structure. IT offers different features and since different businesses have different needs it is therefore important for a business to lay down its objectives before adopting it. In most of the big organizations IT has been adopted entirely in most of their operations while the small ones use it in performing a number of operations. Adopting IT for the entire business operations requires much financial investment and analysis of the technology. According to Myers (2004), few organizations have put in place measures that ensure their corporate strategies and IT are aligned. In other words, few organizations have put in place rigorous systems for measuring the value brought about by IT to their business. In some organizations tools for the management and measurement of IT spending are present and these include IT steering committee, activity based costing, annual budgets, tightly controlled systems of purchasing, benchmarking among others (Myers, 2004). However, these tools do not measure its impacts on the business. Measurement of IT in an organization is vitally important but there are difficulties which hamper the evaluation processes. In most organizations the IT managers lack full understanding of the business and are therefore not included in the decisions made by the senior management personnel. The senior management personnel lack the knowledge of conducting IT measurement processes thus many organization do not measure their IT effectively. To add to that most of the IT managers lack the fully understanding of the measurement of IT processes and will therefore not conduct them (Williams, n. d. ). In Curley’s (n. d. ) view, for IT to deliver business value, its measurement should be done in terms of revenue growth, profitability and customer satisfaction. The performance of the IT system in business is normally evaluated by checking how the business operations are improved. A good system should be able to improve the operations of the business. The performance of an IT system should be directly proportional to its contribution to customer satisfaction. With improvements in the business operations, more customers will become satisfied with services provided by the business. Moreover, the measurement of IT performance is a complement to the measurement of IT contribution to customer satisfaction. The performance of IT is evaluated by the operations of the business while its contribution is evaluated by the increase in the number of customers and thus business growth. The measurement of IT in an organization is vital as it is useful in justifying the existing or the proposed system, comparing different systems, providing tools for system management and in providing a learning experience (Bjork, 2000). When evaluating an IT system in a business several things are usually considered; effectiveness, efficiency and performance benefits. It is important for organizations to develop a framework for evaluating the potential costs and benefits of new IT systems, and the performance of these systems after being implemented. Benefits of measuring IT By measuring and evaluating the IT system, its efficiency, effectiveness and performance benefits can be fully determined and this will be helpful in making decisions concerning the adoption of a new IT system. To add to that, the organization will gain an understanding of the existing IT and will therefore have the capability to determine whether it is beneficial to the current needs of the business or not. With IT measurements, the organization will be saved from wastage of monetary resources in purchasing low quality systems. An organization might purchase IT systems which are not useful in meeting the objectives of the organization thereby leading to wastage of funds which would have been used for other important needs. Consequently, the business will be able to purchase a system which will be of much benefit to the organization. With an efficient IT system the business planning times will be greatly reduced, the cost of marketing will be greatly reduced and more inquiries will be handled within a short time. Similarly, there will be a reduction in the communication cost and paperwork. Furthermore, an effective IT system will minimize business risks, increase the flexibility and competitiveness of the business, increase sales and will provide a sustainable increase in the market share. Furthermore, the performance benefits from the IT system include improvements in strategic intelligence for new markets, provision of capacity and space for business growth, overcoming obsolescence, provision of more relevant and reliable data, among others (Bjork, 2004). The measurements will be helpful in evaluating the weaknesses in the system and in providing guidelines on the ways of improving the system for the better. In other words, they will provide an opportunity to evaluate the loopholes in the technology. As time goes the needs of an organization changes or increases and thus improvements in technology are required. The goals of most organizations is to grow and become competitive in business and as it grows its IT should also grow with it otherwise it will become a hindrance in achieving its goals. The measurement of IT is therefore essential as it provides an opportunity for further advancements in this technology. In conclusion, IT measurements provide many benefits to an organization and are therefore essential. However, in many organizations, the success of IT in a business is measured in terms of the IT parameters which include capacity, processing speed and up time. This therefore shows that many businesses do not measure IT with regard to customer satisfaction or profitability. Customers are one of the most important assets of a business and should be included in IT measurements to ensure a sustainable business growth. Similarly, organizations should invest more funds in IT measurements. In measuring the impacts of IT in organizations knowledge and understanding is a necessity and thus funds are required. Measurement of IT is not an easy task and cannot be done by anyone; IT professionals are threfore needed and should have much experience in IT measurements. Since in many organizations the IT professionals have little experience in IT measurements, IT experts from outside will be helpful in ensuring IT measurements are conducted in an efficient and effective manner.

Book Summary On Presentation Of Self

Book Summary On Presentation Of Self Introduction The presentation of oneself is based on the observation of an individual through comparing the life of him and the other people. Because of that inspiration of determining the revolutions that are found in the society, the roles and relationships that are found can affect the value of an individual and the idea on how he can describe himself from other people. Due to the intensive curiosity of an individual in life and his environment, there are studies that stress out the possible explanation on how to describe the changes in the earnest way. Various sociological models and approaches were presented to show the connection of the man in his environment. The interaction of the people in the social life is presented by the Erving Goffman in his dramaturgical model that attempts to see the society in a lighter sense. The Key Ideas Erving Goffman prepared the key ideas behind the discussion on the values wherein the ideas in theorizing the social roles and relations that ar e present in the contemporary society. According to the book of Goffman, the individual performs a certain role, which varies according to their audience. Those individuals as actors have an intention in manipulating the role that they play for the purpose of managing others impressions of them. Usually, this occurs through the interaction of the individuals in their everyday life. Since the society presents the interactions that usually matters with the human social relations or group of life, there is a natural involvement of disciplines that goes right with the study of sociology including the economics, political science, and psychology because they all fall within the topic of human society. Goffman, presented the theory that suggests that individuals engage in a significant amount of expressive manipulation along several fronts. Goffman likened his ideas to a theatre because â€Å"individuals are, in essence, dramatic actors on a stage playing parts dictated by culture† and this is the goal of such a presentation is acceptance from the audience through manipulation. If the actor succeeds, then they will be viewed as they desired by the audience. Goffman argues that the key to this success is to control which information the audience has access to (Goffman, 1959). Unlike the sociological theories wherein the individuals are linked with the disciplines early states, Goffman’s dramaturgical model outlines the existence of the human’s perspective on the stages where as an actor he usually plays. Giddens (2009) suggests that front regions are situations where individuals act out formal roles, essentially when they are ‘on-stage’. Performances in front regions often require teamwork in order to be successful. Impression management also occurs in the front regions as the actor is trying to give the audience certain impressions of himself. Goffman suggests that â€Å"when an individual appears before others, he will have many m otives for trying to control the situation†. In contrast, back regions (of the stage) are where individuals or performance teams prepare themselves for their roles. Goffman implies that it is where teams discuss and rehearse their performance before they enter the front stage. Props can also be used to aid an actor in their performance and they are assembled in the back region. These props assist an actor in convincing the audience that their performance is true. For example, a waitress in a restaurant would use a notepad and paper to take an order, to help convince her audience (customers) that her performance is true. Goffman indicated that the two regions are connected by a â€Å"guarded passageway†. This stops public performances being shattered by an inadvertent look from an audience member. If an individual’s performance is weak, the audience will see through it. â€Å"The phenomenon of embarrassment is where the actor acts ineffectually or is unable to su stain their expected role. This leads to them being excluded from full participation in society, which demonstrates the importance of maintaining the appearance of being a competent social actor. The dramaturgical models value in theorizing social roles and relations in contemporary society is open to discussion. Goffman’s ideas are praised for having had a â€Å"profound influence† on sociology as a discipline. On his book, it clearly states that Goffman uses the dramaturgical metaphor as his contribution in the field of sociology. He acknowledges the most stimulating and thought-provoking contributions to sociology which made the sociologists today refer to his work, especially for examples on how to carry out micro sociological work.

The Military Draft Should Not Be Reinstated Essay

The Military Draft Should Not Be Reinstated - Essay Example The Military Draft Should Not Be Reinstated The draft ensured that these young men were enlisted in the military force. It was compulsory the young men to be in the military as the few in the military and the volunteers could not sum up to a number that would ensure the country’s safety. Refusal of anyone to be inducted to the military, would lead to severe consequences, like lack of jobs and funds for college. This way, most young people joined the military, trained and when wars came up, they went out to fight for their nation. Thus, the government ensured that they had a strong enough military for wars like the world war. The military draft today should not be upheld. It is a draft that was used a long time ago for reasons that were important to the state. However, today, retaining the military draft would lead to more negative effects than positive ones. The government has discussed the draft a few times in congress. Coming back to the draft would lead to losses like jeopardizing the futures of most young people; wars are less today and more funds would be used to ensure that the ones, who enrolled, were maintained. These are but a few reasons that would make the draft a heavy task. First, it is important to note that the military draft was helpful back then due to the reoccurrence of wars and because the military had few people. However, the military today has had quite a success. So many people have volunteered to join the military as an occupation. The number of people in the military force is not little. ... The military has enough people who are experienced and well trained and are ready to fight for the country in case of anything. The force already fully represents the nation well, thus retrying the draft would not be important. Secondly, the draft would require the government to spend so much, which is unnecessary. As said earlier, the draft required so many people to enroll to the military. This would lead to a huge number of young people who need to be maintained and trained in the military. So much money would have to be spent to maintain the number of young people who joined the force (Pickering 2). Also, the kind of training and the facilities required would be doubled, or even tripled to ensure each recruit was well equipped to join the military force. This is another main reason why taking on the military draft would incur a loss to the state. Thirdly, the draft, if picked up, would jeopardize the futures of so many young people in the country, from men to women. Each young pe rson has plans and dreams to reach for the futures. The country needs more doctors daily, lawyers, business men and women, among others. The young people aged eighteen to twenty five were able bodied and in school, studying to achieve their dreams and improve the economy of the country (Congressional Digest 83). Forcefully enrolling most of this young people to the military force meant that the country would lose the labor force for other many occupations. This scarcity would eventually jeopardize the economy of the state. Another reason why the draft would not be fit if replayed is that, it is seen as a panic move. The country, like every other country has a military force to ensure the security of all citizens is upheld. However, enrolling so many young people to the

Comparing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparing - Essay Example During those years, Donald performed well both in academe and social relations. In 1964 he graduated and pursued his college education in Fordham University. He then transferred to Wharton School of Finance at the University of Pennsylvania where he learned accounting and finance. Trump graduated with a degree in economics. While working with his father during the summer time, he also learned the principle of money making, mortgages and construction works. He then joined his father's company and became the president of it in 1975. He changed the company's name to Trump Organization. He built a billion-dollar empire with his name branded on it. These were the Trump Tower, Trump Plaza, Trump Plaza Hotel, and Casino, Trump's Castle, Trump Parc and Trump Place. Thus, his name Trump was synonymous with wealth, luxury and prestige. He loved to utilize attractive architectural designs that would earn high profit and win public recognition. He was well known as the entrepreneur who found, bought and turned around losing properties. Just like Trump himself I also would like to have an empire of my own, and I do try to work on my thoughts to bring them to realization. Aside from his great achievements during his early career life, he also experienced downfall times when the real state market went down.

Basing Nursing Practice on Evidence Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Basing Nursing Practice on Evidence - Article Example As a result, the patient presents his or her individual encounters, preferences, and special concerns, is the role of the clinician to cater to the patient’s anticipations and values. Evidence alone does not settle on the caregiving decisions yet it supports the overall caregiving process. Difference between EBP and research is their differing purposes. EBP assesses proof alongside a range to pinpoint the strongest and paramount proof to guide caregiving practices within an organizational environment and with a particular patient demographic (Agency for Healthcare and Research Quality, 2013). On the other hand, research produces new knowledge inside the wider scientific world to generate information that is simplified past the research sample. Research largely has strict controls over extraneous variables to offer confidence that its findings came about because of clear interventions and not coincidence. EBP interventions have less tight controls and more flexible procedures than research. As a result, information gathered through EBP interventions might not be fast cycle and entail differing resources. Lastly, research employs a methodology, either quantitative or qualitative, to generate new knowledge. In contrast, EBP such as for and applies the finest medical proo f frequently acquired from research and dedicated to creating sound caregiving decisions (Kernan et al., 2014). Nurses do not use evidence-based findings because of their lack of knowledge, low access to data, and insufficient organizational support among their priorities. Recent findings show that nurses that are more knowledgeable are inclined to be bolder in using evidence-based findings in their practices (Fitzsimons & Cooper, 2012). At the same time, the same findings showed that nurses employed in caregiving organizations for longer periods were less

Durkheim theory of social function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Durkheim theory of social function - Essay Example Therefore according to Durkheim the existence of crime was and is normal as it has a function in the society. In the case of mark who has been involved in criminal activity it is clear that the society has a mechanism to cater for the crimes, there is the existence of guards and also there is the residential care. These are mechanism in the society to take care for the unlawful in the society. This is according to Durkheim view that crime and deviance in the society is a normal thing and that the parts of the society have a function to play for the proper function of the society. According to Durkheim the society is structured and there exist those roles in the society that are not of much importance to the running of the society, therefore these results into inequality in the society, therefore the issue of inequality and poverty in the society according to Durkheim is a natural thing in the society which is caused by the role importance of individuals. Inequality in our case study is evident from our case study, the inequality displayed in the case is where mark is the first to sit for a state examination in the family, this is inequality displayed in marks family whereby all the other member have not done any state examination but Mark has sat for one. This is inequality in society which is displayed in terms of education level attained. Suicide Durkheim analysed suicide with the use of social integration among groups, he compared the suicide rate among the Protestants and Catholics. In his research he found out that the Protestants had higher suicide rates than Catholics due to the existence of social integration that existed in the two different groups. In the society today people are more likely to commit suicide if there is weak social integration with the other individual in the society as predicted by Durkheim. (2) Marx's theory Karl Marx theory on capitalism discusses the issue of inequality that exists in a capitalist society. According to Marx the society in a capitalist form of society has two groups of people, those who own the means of production and the labourers. According to him the capitalist society is characterised by inequality whereby the bourgeoisies are the ones with wealth and that the labourers work for the owners of the wealth to create wealth. The majority of the people in the society according to Marx are poor because of the capitalist form of society whereby only a few people hold the wealth while others do not have and this is why there is inequality in the society. Therefore there exist inequality in the society because of the capitalist form of society and the only way to get rid of the problem of inequality is through the adoption of the communist form of society, the communist form of society is characterised by equality whereby the wealth in the society is shared by all members of the society and the means of production are owned by the society as a whole and not by individuals. For example in the society we live in today the people who hold wealth are few while those who don't have the wealth are the majority, further those who have the wealth employ those without the wealth and pay them less than they have worked for, this is the capitalist so