HR class wirtting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HR class wirtting - Essay Example Employee engagement leads to â€Å"better customer outcomes, employee retention and increased productivity and these are what every organization needs in order to thrive† (Hein, 2014). Employers should focus on the recency, frequency, duration, virality and ratings to be able to understand and analyze their engagement levels. Some of the tips in improving employee engagement include finding out what motivates the employees; setting goals and sharing organizational vision; constructing feedback on a regular basis; hiring the right managers; setting clear expectations; empowering employees; and gamification among others (Hein, 2014). Gamification is one of the useful tools used in an organization and it has many key metrics including employee engagement. It is one of the most effective ways to motivate employees thereby leading to greater satisfaction and higher productivity and performance in an organization (Hein, 2014). Generally, employee engagement is considered one of the most important and effective strategies to increase worker’s performance and productivity in an organization. It is one of the approaches designed at the workplace to ensure that all employees are committed to the organization’s goals and values. Notably, being committed to the organizational goals enables employees to enhance organization’s success and well-being. Engagement is a two-way relationship between the employer and employees. That is, engagement involves what employees think and feel about their employers, their emotional connection and their actions and perceptions of their colleagues and clients. Those organizations that consider employee engagement have strong established values, trust and fairness and mutual respect among members and the needs of every employee is understood and fulfilled accordingly. Employee engagement is the extent to which employees are motivated to contribute to organiza tional success

Green Washing and Its Effects on Consumer Perspectives Essay Example for Free

Green Washing and Its Effects on Consumer Perspectives Essay The term green washing denotes the use of false or misleading information concerning green marketing by companies to compel consumers to buy their products on the perception that the company is environmentally friendly. It involves the misleading use of green marketing to endorse a false perception that the company products or policies are environmentally friendly. Green washing has been growing in the recent years mainly due to the increasing demand for green products. Due to increasing concerns about global warming, consumers are increasingly demanding for economically responsible products (Hart, 1997). Companies that seek to survive have no option but to either provide these products or to fake them. Another reason why green washing is growing is due to the fact that the sales of green oriented products have increased. A study carried out in the United States showed that in 2007, 328 products labelled â€Å"environmentally friendly† were launched by major manufacturers. This was a significant increase as in 2002 only 5 products were labelled the same (Bansal Roth, 2000). The rise of green products in the market has forced companies to undertake green washing in order to compete effectively. Another reason why green washing is growing is that the communication of environmental messages is still not controlled by any industrial wide standards. Companies are free to disseminate information about their environmental policies without any restrictions hence they can provide misleading information at will. The final reason why green washing is common is that government action and regulation is still pending. An analysis by HSBC on passed and pending economic stimulus packages of 15 countries reported that over US $3 trillion is intended to stimulate economies for the next ten years (Bazzillier Vauday, 2009). A large percentage of this money will support environmental objectives. This situation has resulted in the increase of lobbying which in turn has resulted in a situation whereby companies have to hunt tactical opportunities that do not conform to their messages on environmental friendliness. Ways of Carrying out Green Washing There are several techniques of green washing employed by companies. Although only a few literatures exist on the subject, the basis of identifying these techniques is that proposed by the TerraChoice Environmental Group. The group did research on the manners with which companies mislead consumers about their environmental friendliness and came up with six ways which they dubbed â€Å"the six sins of green washing. † The first sin is â€Å"the sinof hidden trade off†. This involves the attempt by companies to promote a product as green by using only one environmental attribute or an intolerable narrow set of attributes disregarding other more important environmental issues. Although the claims are not false, they portray a â€Å"greener† picture of the product which cannot be supported by a full environmental analysis. The second sin is â€Å"the sin of no proof. † This involves all information disseminated by a company about environmental friendliness but cannot be validated by easily accessible supporting information. According to a study by Bazillier and Vauday (2009), communication of full CSR activities by companies to customers is impossible. As a result, two types of information communicated to consumers exist, hard and soft information. Hard information is that which can be verified by customers but tends to be costly while soft information is that which is readily available to consumers but cannot be verified.

Japanese religion and influence on culture

Japanese religion and influence on culture Japanese Religion and the Influence on Culture Throughout the world, religion is perceived as a governing idea within many different cultures. Religion has a way of representing a certain way of life, providing a basis for faith to live by, and brings a sense of belonging to many cultures in our world. For different cultures and within many countries religion varies according to demographics. The key concepts of religion within the Japanese culture are natural and superstitious based. The leading religion in Japan remains Shinto, while other religions have come and go, interweaving themselves among the Japanese society. For any Japanese person who may practice Shinto, another religion that may dually be practiced is Buddhism. Are these religions common to one another in theory? Do they serve the same purposes? And what other religions claim a popular following in Japan? While Buddhism was brought over to Japan via China and Korea in the 6th century, Shinto seems to have always resided in Japan (Japan-Guide.com, 2007). The religion of Shinto is still today very mysterious because in some areas there is still no certain knowledge in the course of the centuries many Japanese have written extensively on Shinto but these are largely expressions of their individual points of view. Except for the relatively short three-quarters of a century of regimentation after the Meiji Restoration when there was an artificial, government-created authoritative interpretation of Shinto, there has not been any large body of interpretation that is generally accepted (Ono, Sokyo ix). Buddhism was founded by the teachings of Guatama Siddhartha who was born around 6th century B.C. in Nepal. The spread of Buddhism took many centuries, and didnt reach Japan until 6th century A.C. (Buddhanet). Although there are many sects of Buddhism, the main teachings are universal in The Four Noble Truths. These teachings from Siddhartha himself lay the foundation of Buddhism itself. The first Nobel truth; Life means suffering. To live means to suffer, because the human nature is not perfect and neither is the world we live in. During our lifetime, we inevitably have to endure physical suffering such as pain, sickness, injury, tiredness, old age, and eventually death. (The Big View). The second Noble Truth;the origin of suffering is attachment to worldly desires. The origin of suffering is attachment to transient things and the ignorance thereof The reasons for suffering are desire, passion, ardour, pursue of wealth, prestige, striving for fame and popularity (The Big View). The third Nobel Truth is the cessation of suffering is attainable. Extinguishing all forms of clinging and attachment Suffering can be overcome through human activity simply by removing the cause of suffering (The Big View). The Fourth Noble Truth is to follow the Eightfold Path. A gradual self-improvement by following the way between the two extremes of excessive self-indulgence and excessive self-mortification(The Big View). Although the Four Nobel Truths are great concepts of Buddhism there are many other aspects that make up Buddhism. Daily practice of meditation helps develop ones sense of awareness, to grow, and develops compassion and loving kindness (Buddhanet). Following the laws of Karma and following right speech are also integral to Buddhism. In the religion of Shinto, which was founded as Japans state religion in the Meiji Period, there is no absolute right or wrong and humans are seen as fundamentally good (buddhanet). The purpose of rituals in the Shinto religion are to cast away evil spirits by means of purification, prayers and offerings. The Way of the Gods or Kami is the literal translation of Shinto. Unlike Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, Shinto has neither a founder, such as Guatama the Enlightened One, Jesus the Messiah or Mohammed the Prophet; nor does it have sacred scriptures, such as the sutras of Buddhism, the Bible or the Koran (Ono Sokyo 3). Shinto appears very little in history, as there is no significant teachings or information surrounding the ideas. Shinto is more than just a religious faith; it is a collection of ideas, attitudes on ways of doing things and through history has become an integral part of the way of the Japanese people (Ono, Sokyo, 3). The kami-concept today includes the idea of justice, order, and divine favor (blessing), and implies the basic principle that the kami function harmoniously in cooperation with one another and rejoice in the evidence of harmony and cooperation in this world (Ono Sokyo, 7). This concept is basically the same as it was in ancient Japan, only few things have changed in regards to theory on Shinto. The kami of the Shinto religion serve different purposes for the Japanese. Their culture revolves around kami who protect different things such as places, processes and natural orders. The Shinto gods can take many different forms, such as mountains, trees, rocks, wind, and rain. When a human dies they become ancestral kami and are worshipped as such (Japan-Guide). This idea of kami is very different in contrast to Buddhism , where they do not believe in kami, but in a force that which is made up of all living things and holds the universe together (leaderu). This difference between Buddhism and Shinto may be the key to why they are so easily practiced together. There is no fundamental conflict between each religions kami, and there is no need to favor one over the other. The practice of Buddhism is earthly compassion while the practice of Shinto is otherworldly compassion. There are different types of Shinto, just as in Buddhism, that the Japanese follow. There is popular Shinto practice in everyday life of kami-worship, and Domestic Shinto referring to home practice, and shrine Shinto is the oldest and most prevalent type (Ono, Sokyo, 12). Shinto does no appear to have branches or sects of difference among its worshippers, and the ideas across Japan are fundamentally the same. In Buddhism each branch may have many different sects of practice. Theravada Buddhism, which teaches the psychological understanding of human nature and emphasis a meditative approach on transformation of consciousness (Buddhanet). The Mahayana, another sect of Buddhism, teaches a variety of practices such as yoga. This sect of Buddhism branches out into many different lineages such as Pure Land, Avatamska and Tien Tai. Elements of Worpship for Shinto are performed at srhines, and involve four different elements. It is a distinctive feature of Shinto that kami-worship is expressed not only from the depth of ones heat but in a concrete act of religious ritual (Ono, Sokyo, 51). The four elements of Shinto worship include purification, offerings, prayer and a symbolic feast. Purification is very essential to Shinto and the idea of pollution is vitally important. Removing pollution from oneself helps rid evil and unrighteousness, which could thwart ones communication with kami. Rinsing the mouth and fingers with clear water will purify a worshiper. Offerings are necessary to keep the kami happy daily. In shrines of great importance offerings may be very elaborate, while simple ones may be of salt, rice or water (Ono Sokyo, 53). Prayers are typically read or recited at shrines in classical Japanese. These prayers are opened with words of praise for kami, making reference to the kami in which they are praying to. These prayers are ended with final words of respect and awe to the kami (Ono, sokyo, 54). The sacred feast is held at the end of any Shinto ceremony in which you eat together with the kami. While Shinto and Buddhism seem blatantly different in their day-to-day functions, operating together they appear to make perfect sense. Japans idea of dually practiced religion is called syncretism. While Shinto is the main religion practiced for any wedding ceremony, Buddhist rituals are practiced at funerals because death in Shitno religion is considered pollution. These two dominant religions in Japan are clearly the oldest forms of religion, however there are new religions that are also claiming a popular following. These new religions often cited as Folk Religion have never faced the kind of dilemma of secularization which has been experienced by Buddhism or Christianity. Folk Religion always preserves the strong enduring power which perseveres in he lower structure of society and religious institutions ( Hori, Ichiro, 18) Folk religion therefore has a strong social significance. The idea and concept of religion rose out of the cyclical concept of agriculture, in which everything has a natural order of germination, growth and maturity (Hori, Ichiro, 20). Farm and agricultural work is regarded as sacred in itself to the Japanese people and rituals are often observed before seeding and after harvesting. These among other rituals done for protection and security make folk religion a part of Japanese culture. There are two distinct types of folk religion in Japan. The first is considered as the guardian shrine systems, known as the uji-gami. This was based on a particular family or clan system in which each family has its own shrine as a central symbol of harmony, devoted to ancestral spirit who was enshrined and worshiped. The main function of uji-gami is to assimilate all the family members into a patriarchal hierarchy in which the familys respectable name is preserved for generations to come. The second type of system in folk religion is known as the man-god system, also called hito-gami. This system is based on a close relationship of an individual god with a shaman. Older Japanese cultures or villages were once ruled by an individual shaman or medicine man (Hori, Ichiro, 31) This type of system gave the leader the power to transmit ideas to their kami thus making the leader a utility of divine power. Beliefs and superstitions are present at the core of each folk religion. There are five types of superstitious groups; beliefs and magic concerning omens, beliefs in divination, fragmentary customs concerning taboo, black magic, and prayers with magical elements. Although these topics may be viewed as superstitious, it is not from an objective point of view as many religions around the world practice what one might call superstitions. These rituals or acts of superstition do enter the daily life of the Japanese and may even regulate the conduct of a great number of persons (Hori, Ichiro, 46). Although the religions of Shinto, Buddhism and new religions seem different in many aspects, there are common themes and theories among them. This being said, it is also observed that many different religions around the world share a number of commonalities. Shinto and Buddhism define a lot of cultural morals and values that the Japanese use in conduct everyday. New Religions also are seen to permeate into the daily lives of Japanese. These religions practiced together make Japan the diverse but unified country that it is today. Bibliography Buddhism. 2007. japan-Guide.com. 09 Apr. 2007 . Buddhanet. Buddhanet. 2007. 09 Apr. 2007 . Hori, Ichiro. Folk Religion in Japan. Chicago: University of Chicago P, 1968. Ono, Sokyo. Shinto: the Kami Way. Ruthland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Co., Inc, 1969. The Four Noble Truths. The Big View. 13 Dec. 2006. 09 Mar. 2007 www.thebigview.com

Essay --

According to the Reuters one method that was created by the government to counter smartphone addiction is called â€Å"A horse riding therapy programme†.This programme is getting its results.One person whose surname is Kim has addicted to smart phone.She gave an interview to the television programme.She said(14 years old girl) that she had used to sit and chut with her smartphone for seven hours a day,even overnight if her mother had gone on a trip.Her(Kim’s)mother attempted a different kind of therapy like music, art to daughter’s smartphone addiction.When all of these therapy was not worked,the government suggested to create a new kind of therapy, which is called the†Riding Healing Center†,a therapy organisation that uses horse-riding to treat behavioral and emotional disorders. Kim told that she had cared about horses and thought about how she could ride them better, which helped to her to lose interset in smartphones and the internet.She has had a different kind of professional counseling at the centre like art, music but Kim(14 years old girl) believes riding horses help most.Yoosook Joung(Doctor of child psychiatry at Samsung Medical Centre) told that horse-riding was a very fun activity, but it was not just a simple physical activity but involved a living thing, the horse-riding was a new experience, which had combined physical activity with an emotional connection wi th a horse, so the horse riding had helped to prevent or overcome smart phone and internet addiction."Yoon Ga-eun(A riding instructor at the center) told that a horse was an animal that anyone could easily make emotional connection to. " The Korean Riding Association has two therapy centres and about 50 people a day go through its programmes to treat a range o... ...latonin, our natural sleep chemical, so our bodies do not register that we are tired. If you sleep with your phone right next to your bed, any late-night texts or alerts will disrupt your sleep patterns, even if you do not fully wake up to respond.Finally, tell your relatives and friends that if it is an emergency or if they really want to contact you, they should make an actual phone call instead of a text.And try to keep your phone hidden during social activities. Focus on the conversation. Take a mental picture instead of an Instagram shot, or write down a tweet idea on a piece of paper and save it for later. Initiate eye contact instead of screen contact. Whether we realize it or not, we are not as great at multitasking as we think we are. So if you are going to spend time with friends, spend time with them, not waste so much time to chat with your smart phone.

The Mixtape

Mr. Lonely – Akon In the song the singer’s girlfriend runs away and now he is lonely and his whole life has come crashing down, and â€Å"he has nobody to call his own. † This song relates to the theme of Holden’s loneliness. Throughout the book Holden is desperately and constantly seeking for companionship. Holden even calls up a prostitute so he can talk to her and hopefully form some kind of relationship. Phoebe is the only one who is close to Holden. He is constantly trying to fill in other people with whom he can have relationship with similar to how the singer of Lonely is trying to find his girlfriend. .Firework- Katy Perry In this song the singer asks if one has ever felt so sensitive, so ‘paper thin’, like a plastic bag, wanting to start again. Which is how Holden feels, he is depressed and feels as though there is no turning back. No one has been able to help able to help him, although he has looked for someone to help him. But there is a chance for Holden to get out of that depression, the song says ‘Do you know that there’s still a chance of you? ’Holden’s chance to get out of this depression is to seek counseling from a psychiatrist. 3. Help! – The BeatlesIn this song the singer talks about his seek for help because he is feeling down, he feels insecure and not so self assured, the singer looks for someone that will help him bring his mood back up, and the song also says that the person’s life has changed in so many ways which has led him to feel insecure. Holden feels down and depressed throughout the book because of Allies death, which changes his whole life around and constantly looks for someone to help him release his depression and help him be happy again, he seeks for a friend.4. Like a Stone- Audioslave In this song the guy is in a room full of emptiness, talks about how he is ost and he is reading a book of death and how he will die alone, the song also about being lost and loneliness. The song talks about death, which at one point in the book Holden thinks about death which leads him to think about Allie. Holden loneliness leads him to depression and thinks about death. 5. Rehab- Amy Winehouse The song talks about being a drunk, which is what Holden is half the time not caring of what his age is, though he is under aged. The song also says that â€Å"I’m never going to drink again; I just need a friend†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Holden relies on the alcohol as his friend, since he feels lonely and depressed.Alcohol, being a depressant itself does not help Holden get any better, yet it makes him feel worse. 6. Use Somebody- Kings of Leon In this song the singer talks about how lonely he is and how he needs somebody to be with him. He has been roaming around the streets and he needs someone to talk to and share his thoughts, this relates greatly to Holden because in those three days that he goes off on his â€Å"trip† he desperately lo oks for someone to listen to him, and not only during the trip but also throughout the book he looks for someone to listen to him. 7.What’s My Age Again? – Blink 182 In this song the guy is on a date with a girl, the guy acts immature. The speaker makes prank phone calls and acts â€Å"like a freshman. † This song relates to the coming of age them in the novel. Holden is still young, naive and immature but faces many adult situations such as violence and sexuality. Both the singer and Holden appear to be between childhood and mature adulthood. Both come across adult situations and handle them in childish etiquettes, such as when Holden runs away from school or calls up a prostitute just to talk to her. . Yesterday-The Beatles The song says that only yesterday the troubles seemed so far away, and now it seems like they’re here to stay. The singer talks about a â€Å"she† and says why she wouldn’t stay, and now she’s gone and now he lon gs for yesterday. This relates to Holden losing Allie, right after Allie’s death is when his problems really started and Holden asks himself why did Allie had to leave, and he blames himself. It seems like it was only yesterday that Holden lost Allie since he always brings him and talks about him.

Summarise Entitlement for Early Years Education

1. 1)There are different types of childcare options for children in the early years 0-5 these are: The first one is an organisation called Surestart this helps families from the birth of their child, providing help and support when the parents really need it the most. This organisation works with the parent’s right from when the child is born helping the child with educational needs.They provide full day care, short term care; health and family support if the family is having complications at home such as financial needs then Surestart will do their best to provide the family with links of people and organisations that can help them. They also provide parenting advice, this is essential for some new families that have never experienced parenting before. They also provide training and employment advice to fund the new families which is desperately needed especially when the family contains young parents.The next one is nursery schools; usually nursery schools provide this type of education for children between three and five years old. Most of the time these type of nurseries are based at the surestart centres but they can also often be linked to local primary schools. The next childcare option is pre schools and playgroups, most of the time playgroups are run by voluntary organisations for children three and four years old. This means that children can have 15 hours of their free education at these organisations.The next type of childcare provision is day nurseries these are consistently placed in workplaces as people going to work can place their child in that provision complete a day’s work and then take their child home. These can be run by both the business they are placed at or they can be voluntary, this might be free but sometimes the businesses can charge. A different type of childcare provision is one used at the carers home these are called childminders. These are often used after school is finished and people still need to place their c hildren in childcare.In childminders they are only allowed to look after six children under the age of eight but only three children are allowed at a time under the age of five. The last and most unlikely child care provision is a nanny these provide childcare in the parents’ home and are usually paid for by the parents and usually used over a long period of time. These are often used if the parents are on a ‘work trip’ or got a complete a set amount of work over a period of time.

Demand For Coaching Holidays To Scotland Tourism Essay Essays

Demand For Coaching Holidays To Scotland Tourism Essay Essays Demand For Coaching Holidays To Scotland Tourism Essay Essay Demand For Coaching Holidays To Scotland Tourism Essay Essay My concern has been created on the footing of cognizing that Scotland is one of the most internationally known states for its civilization and beautiful scenery. It s based on a coaching vacation for 5 darks, 6 yearss that will be suited for people who enjoy scenery, touring, civilization and heritage. It will be run by a medium sized company located in Edinburgh that is called Saltire Tours and will be aimed at European tourers. Reasons for puting the concern in Edinburgh are that it s the capital of Scotland and has some antic history for all to see. This study will be a touristry merchandise analysis of what the concern has to offer and what factors will impact the operational side of things. PEST analysis, Competitors and Consumers are all of import and will be explained exhaustively as to what and how they will impact the concern. Introduction This research study will look into the factors that could impact demand for training vacations to Scotland from the European Market. It is based on a coaching vacation run by a medium sized company based in Edinburgh that is called Saltire Tours. On completion, the study will be an analysis of the external environment and a merchandise analysis to place and warrant the cardinal characteristics of the merchandise in which the merchandise will run. Factors being analysed will include Political, Environmental, Social and Technological ( PEST ) and will demo how they impact both positively and negatively on the Coach Tour Company wining. A rival analysis will besides be carried out to measure and discourse what sort of menace ( if any ) that may present to the tour/programme. Another portion of this study will include findings for a consumer analysis to find the Market overall for the Coach Tour Company. The merchandise itself will be given in item to explicate the key characteristics a nd why it should be introduced in the touristry industry. Pest Analysis Factors that may impact Demand for manager vacations in Scotland involve: Political Environmental Social Technological Political factors that may impact manager Tourss could be recent terrorist onslaughts in Britain, which occurred in Glasgow Airport the 30th June 2007 and London 7th June 2005. Author Chris Greenwood ( 2008 ) wrote about the adult male who was behind the onslaughts Abdulla realised his mission had failed, he dressed in a ruddy and white headscarf for the concluding self-destruction onslaught on Glasgow Airport . Another job was the Icelandic Volcanic episode in April which closed European air space. These incidents could set people off going to the UK, which would impact Scots Coach Tours as they are based in Scotland. Higher degrees of security and ordinances are now put in topographic point at airdromes, which is more clip devouring for travelers, and it s more inconvenient doing people to be impatient when going. Besides rising prices rates in the UK are forcing up monetary values for visitants such as fuel costs and 17.5 % VAT which would impact Coach Tours as they use Coachs f or taking their tourers around Scotland. The Coach Company will be a member of the Green Tourism Business Scheme as it will assist promote the touristry concern to be environmentally friendly. The Coach circuit will profit from this as it will hold a positive consequence on visitants booking up for circuit bundles as visitants are now really witting of the environment and will appeal to eco-conscious visitants particularly. Social factors could affect the fact that European visitants find touring vacations really popular in the class of different vacations ( see appendix 1 ) which is good to the company as we specialise in Coach Tours in Scotland. Besides another societal factor could be the eruption of Swine Flu that has hit Scotland and assorted other topographic points throughout the UK, this may set people off going doing the touristry industry to endure. A positive societal factor could be that Scotland has a batch of historic and cultural attractive forces that people overseas would love to see ; this will promote more people to see Scotland intending a possible addition of consumers for Saltire Tours as we specialise in civilization Tourss. Technological factors could impact Saltire Tours due to the Internet now doing it possible to book straight with circuit operators which will be a positive as it saves paying the Travel Agent committee. Saltire Tours will hold their ain web site and E booklets. Besides there are new developments in aircraft engineering, which cuts down going clip being a positive for the International visitants coming to Scotland for a Culture Tour of Scotland. There are more comfy managers for touring these yearss with Television s, lavatories, and cyberspace installations on board the managers which we will take on board and supply our visitants with luxury managers during their clip with us. Rival Analysis Benchmarking We have looked at two other Tour Companies that are in the similar market. The Analysis of each company compared to ours will assist us happen out the positives and negatives of our concern and what we can make to better the Culture Coach Tour through other rivals. Haggis Adventures Their Tourss include an escapade with like-minded travelers ; conveyance and a tour usher. Saltire Tours will include Transport, Blue Badge Guides, and Accommodation, Food, Excellent Customer service and First category attractive forces as a bundle. Haggis Adventures do nt organize everything for your circuit, you have to do your ain adjustment agreements, where to eat and you might non see some of Scotland s finest attractive forces. This is decidedly a opportunity for our concern to present a bigger and better bundle for tourers that want to loosen up and hold a great clip cognizing that everything is traveling to run swimmingly and at that place wo nt be any emphasis as everything is arranged. Besides Haggis Adventures are more for the younger coevals and since the highest proportion of tourists sing Scotland are in the 20 to 60-age scope they would bask Saltire Tours better as our circuit is suited for that age class. Saltire Tours will besides specialize in Tours whereas Haggis Adventures does nt, this will be a strength to Saltire Tours. However, a failing for Saltire Tours is that Haggis Adventures have been running for 5 old ages and have experience in this field of touristry whereas Saltire Tour is merely get downing up as a trade name new merchandise. Moray Tours Moray Tours in Scotland offer quality, flexible civilization Tourss for up to six people. Whereas Saltire Tours will offer choice civilization Tourss for up to 20 people which is a strength in the touristry Industry as Saltire Tours can offer much more to the Tourists in a manner smaller circuit companies ca nt. Their Tourss merely start in Elgin whereas Saltire Tours will be really flexible and can pick visitants up from wherever the circuit group suits which is another strength for Saltire Tours. A strength that both Moray and Saltire Tours portion is the quality of the circuit ushers on their managers and the comfy managers they both use. A menace to Saltire Tours could be that Moray Tours is good known and this could impact Saltire Tours concern. Besides on their web site, there is no reference of a monetary value for Moray Tours whereas Saltire Tours gives a bundle monetary value for the whole circuit doing it stress free throughout the vacation. Consumer Analysis The market size for our concern will be comparatively large as we will be taking our Tourss at the whole of Europe. It has been found that specifically German and Italian tourers will be interested in our Tourss as Germany is the highest ranked in footings of trips, bed darks and outgo, where its ?187million figure is dual the following ranked: Italy ( Visit Scotland ) . Factsheets on these states will be sourced at the terminal of the study ( see appendices 2 A ; 3 ) Notice our mark market ( abroad ) In June 2010 to August 2010, the seasonally adjusted figure of visits by abroad occupants to the UK increased by 6 per cent to 7.6 million, when compared with the old three months. Associated disbursement by abroad occupants on visits to the UK increased by 7 per cent to ?4.4 billion ( National statistics ) . Our manager circuit company will concentrate on these months on advertisement to pull big Numberss of tourers seeing as these are the most popular months for our mark market. Visits from Europe have increased from 16.1 million in 2000 ( a 37 per cent addition ) and are now about the same as in 2000. ( Office for national Statisticss 2009 ) Besides 22.1 million of the entire 29.9 million visits to the UK in 2009 were made by air. ( Office for national Statisticss 2009 ) Therefore our consumers will be going largely by air to Scotland which will be included in the bundle monetary value. This will be good to Saltire Tours as we will be able to utilize SGIT menu block on a footing, which will be the ideal scheduled air hose for Saltire Tours visitants to wing with, as it s a flexible continuance of 5 darks, which SGIT caters for. Merchandise Analysis Description of basic merchandise offering and merchandise characteristics Our Coach Tour Company has constructed a 5 darks, 6 yearss Tour suited for people who enjoy scenery, touring, civilization and heritage. Scotland has been one of the most internationally known states for its civilization. As our state has developed over the many 100s of old ages, it has developed a civilization that is both interesting and absorbing. St. andrews cross Tours have taken clip to develop a manager circuit suitable for the International visitants that will run into all their vacation demands. They will bask life in some top category hotels, these include: The Balmoral Hotel, Thistle Hotel, Stirling Highland Hotel, Royal George Hotel and Poppies Hotel. Visit Scotland ( 2010 ) surveies show that Hotels remain the preferable adjustment for international tourers. The topographic points they will see on this 6-day circuit of Scotland will include two of the major metropoliss: Edinburgh and Glasgow. Besides Stirling, Crieff and Callander will be included in the circuit. They will see our manner of life whilst life in a tenement edifice, to sing some of our all right art galleries. We have besides included in the Tourss some of our all right whisky distilleries to see Scotland s celebrated drink and whilst they are holding merriment during the twenty-four hours, they will besides see Scots amusement at its best! This will include Scottish pipe music, Celidh, Poetry and a concert affecting Accordions and violins. Whilst the International tourers will be entertained by Scotland s well-known attractive forces such as Edinburgh Castle, Royal Mile, Sir Walter Scott s House and Stirling Castle, they will be able to wanton in Scots culinary art throughout their stay and happen out how it feels to be Scots! The hotels they will be remaining in will be no less than 3 stars and they will be situated in the countries of involvement to accommodate the Tourss to do them run every bit swimmingly as possible. This complies with the Green Tourism Business Scheme, which is the national sustainable touristry enfranchisement strategy for the UK. All the hotels are members of this strategy. Justification of why this merchandise should be produced This merchandise should be produced as Scotland does nt hold a company like Saltire Tours. There is surely Coach Tours available but none are specifically tailored down to ticket item like our concern will bring forth. Our consumers will see everything at that place is to love approximately Scotland from sing the nutrient, scenery, civilization ; they will surely cognize what it s like to experience like a true Scot by the terminal of their vacation. Another ground is that non many companies offer a unworried vacation in Scotland where all their demands are met and international tourers will non cognize where to get down on sing Scotland. Saltire Tours will organize everything from adjustment, conveyance, attractive forces, wining and dining to flushing amusement as a bundle holiday monetary value devising certain what is included is merely the best and relevant to international tourers that wish to see Scots Culture.

Seniors Wall Essays

Seniors Wall Essays Seniors Wall Essay Seniors Wall Essay Essay Topic: Senior For School PaperSenior’s WallS.L. Tick-tock-tick-tock. The sound of an invisible clock hovers in every mind of every 4th year student. Graduation is, after all, mere weeks away. Soon, they will have to say goodbye to their peers, to their favorite teachers and to their Alma Mater who nurtured them to become champions. Now that their â€Å"rule† is nearly at its end, the â€Å"crown† is free for the taking. For the students who aspire to be at the top, here are some advices and words of inspiration from the kings and queens of BCC High:JPat: What advice can you give to the aspiring athletes of BCC â€Å"Just do your best in your chosen sport because your skill will eventually develop. Be patient because sooner or later it will be your time to shine.† * Christina Mae Hachero, Team Captain, Volleyball Girls * JPat: Being a leader is a tough responsibility. For you, what is leadership in BCC â€Å"Leadership in BCC is about sacrificing your time and self to serve and to be a good inspiration to others. The meaning of success as a leader is not about being perfect but being satisfied, confident, and honest to yourself the way you act and react in a certain situation. It is all about giving your best shot in everything you do, not only for yourself but also for other people. As Bl. Arnold Jensen said ‘To God, the glory; to my neighbors, the benefits; to myself, the burden.’† * Roger Joshua Venzal, SAO Senator, Former SAO President * JPat: What made you boost your confidence in high school â€Å"Well, first of all, you should be YOUrself. Just as the saying goes ‘be strong and thrive, be weak and you’ll perish.’ Don’t mind haters and people who speak negative about you. Remember always, on whatever words they will throw upon on you, take it as a challenge. Sooner or later you will succeed. And always bear in mind, you own the spotlight of your life; no one could ever ta ke it away from you.† * Miles Therese

Letter from a Birmingham Jail [King, Jr.] 16 April 1963 Essay

Letter from a Birmingham Jail [King, Jr.] 16 April 1963 - Essay Example â€Å"Seldom do I pause to answer criticism of my work and ideas. If I sought to answer all the criticisms that cross my desk, my secretaries would have little time for anything other than such correspondence in the course of the day, and I would have no time for constructive work. But since I feel that you are men of genuine goodwill and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statements in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms.† (2- 6). Marting Luther King Jr. was such a highly respected man of his time that his name left people with a strong sense of logic and emotional appeal . This can clearly be seen as he argues his logos that we must â€Å"... consider a more concrete example of just and unjust laws. An unjust law is a code that a numerical or power majority group compels a minority group to obey but does not make binding on itself. This is difference made legal. By the same token, a just law is a code that a majority compels a minority to follow and that it is willing to follow itself. This is sameness made equal.†(161-162). His emotional pleas in the letter use pathos as he addressed the Birmingham police force and their use of force when keeping peace and order in the city. By discussing the mistakes of the police officers during the protest rallies, he asks the public and the clergymen to rethink their position about the effectiveness of the police action. He asks, â€Å"I doubt that you would so quickly commend the policemen if you were to observe their ugly and inhumane treatment of Negroes here in the city jail; if you were to watch them push and curse old Negro women and young Negro girls; if you were to see them slap and kick old Negro men and young boys; if you were to observe them, as they did on two occasions, refuse to give us food because we wanted to sing our grace together. I cannot join you in your

Assess the financial performance of William Hill over the last 4 years Essay

Assess the financial performance of William Hill over the last 4 years and discuss how management accounting can assist a service providing business like William Hill - Essay Example o assess the financial performance of William Hills is its profitability assessment over the last four years and the satisfaction of investors in terms of returns on their investments. The tool of ratio analysis is used for assessing such financial performances of William Hills. In order to assess the profitability the ratios that are considered for the four year performance are operating margin, net margin, return on total assets (ROA), and return on common equity (ROE). Let us start with operating profits. â€Å"Operating profit margin measures the percentage of each sales dollar remaining after all costs and expenses other than interest, taxes, and preferred stock dividend are deducted. It represents the pure profits earned on each sales dollar. Operating profits are pure because they measure the profits earned on operations and ignore interest, taxes, and preferred stock dividends.†(Lawrence J Gitman, page 67)i The assessment of operating margin ratios of William Hills suggests that profitability performance is sliding down since 2006. The operating profit margin was 32.68% in 2006, 30.7% in 2007, 28.91% in 2008, and then down to 25.31% in 2009. One of the reasons for this sliding performance is poor response to newly introduced online gambling business. In fact â€Å"the online business of William Hills has tarnished the group’s reputation for management excellence by mismanaging the online sports book technology project.†(B etting Market, Viewed on 19th May 2009)ii The analysis of profitability on basis of net profit margin is also very interesting because â€Å"the net profit margin is indicative of management’s ability to operate the business with sufficient success not only to recover from revenues of the period, the cost of merchandise or services, the expense of operating the business (including depreciation) and the cost of borrowed funds, but also to leave a margin of reasonable compensation to the owners for providing their capital at risk. The ratio

Desribing a Social Institution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Desribing a Social Institution - Essay Example In the institutions of man, aided by God’s guidance and graces, there are already installed safeguards and answers that if we only know how to discern, we would not go far or divert from where we are really going. One of these groups that have become institutions and instruments of God’s propagation of faith and love is the so-called charismatic group. From the small parishes spring small organizations or groups, others are called church-mandated organizations like the Familia, and other smaller groups that require assistance and cooperation of the so-called laity, such as the charismatic groups, or the traditional Cursillos in Christianity. In my journey to these groups in the Christian faith, I was most attracted to the charismatic group. I was so intrigued by the actuations of some of the members that I tried to observe their activities. From the start, I thought they were overacting their faith because in their actions they were trying to goad people into joining their seminars and â€Å"indoctrination†. Some members who are friends of mine have asked me to join their so-called healing sessions and prayer groups. Indeed, they laid their hands on me and on anyone who ask their prayer and help, like they were â€Å"real saints†. I attempted and I was really puzzled. So I tried to give them some time. And not only did I join them but later I became a part of them. Weekly prayer meetings, fellowships, and later on seminars filled up my activities. I soon forgot what I was previously busy about – the material things of this world. Soon I learned what this group was all about. The charismatic religious activity, whose members are the parishioners or the community members, is one of the phenomena in religious gatherings, in these times when other activities are perceived boring to the believers. Somehow the Church – to my opinion – has injected some lively touches into the

Unit 4 Market for Health Insurance and Competition Essay

Unit 4 Market for Health Insurance and Competition - Essay Example by Congressional Budget Office, the health market challenges the federal and state governments as health care premiums continue to take an upward trend. More to these, health care costs seem to exceed the growth of American income, thus making it very expensive to afford health care in America. Consequent to these, fewer individuals get to enroll for the service, following the high cost involved. These factors compel the government to take measures that regulate the operation of the health market, thus ensuring that the insurance companies do not exercise their market power in a manner that can harm consumers, as well as the economy. Such measures include the evaluation of insurers who undertake mergers and acquisitions, to ensure that monopolies do not rule the health sector. The medical loss ratio refers to a statistical measurement of the fraction of the total premium revenue from health plans that get to be devoted to clinical services. In other words, the MLR relates to the portion of the premium revenue from health insurance plans paid to settle medical claims. Therefore, this ratio does not serve as a measure of the quality of care provided as premiums paid and expenditures incurred do not indicate the quality of care being given to individuals. Other measures, such as patient satisfaction surveys, and severity-adjusted clinical outcomes, provide better measures for gauging health performance. Consequently, the MLR should not be used to measure health performance, as it would lead to biased results (Austin, 43). Risk-adjusted premiums help in determining the expected treatment cost that an insured person would incur, if they were to fall ill. Higher rates exist for elderly individuals, compared to the younger population (Feldstein, 245). This ensures that insurance providers do not choose to insure healthier patients, and leave out the sick patients. Consequent to this, individuals who need health care most get to access insurance, and effective

Is the Shale Revolution just hype Discuss with reference to two Essay

Is the Shale Revolution just hype Discuss with reference to two examples - Essay Example However, the migration is sometimes blocked by rock barriers and the hydrocarbons accumulate underneath such cap, eventually turning into a conventional gas reservoir (Curtis, 2002). Such hydrocarbons which stay in the source rock make up shale gas or shale oil. Such gas is usually trapped underneath the surface, close to 1500 to 3000 metres in the source rock where the hydrocarbons have originally formed (Curtis, 2002). This makes shale gas or shale oil very much difficult to extract. Shale gas is considered unconventional gas because it is said to come from accumulation with significant spatial aspects and vaguely indicated boundaries independent of the water column (Stevens, 2012). Conventional gas is usually drilled with the gas flowing at voluminous rates. For the unconventional gas, drilling is not sufficient to support commercial distribution. Other processes are needed in order to support commercial flow. Primary technologies needed for shale gas include horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing with the water, sand, as well as chemicals incorporated into the horizontal borehole at high pressure to break the shale rocks and then discharge the gas (Stevens, 2012). Both technologies are not new technologies, as horizontal drilling has been applied in the 1930s and fracking has first been seen in the US in 1947. The popular use of shale gas is said to have created a revolution as shifts in shale gas use, especially in the US has been seen. However, other scholars and observers are doubtful of the existence and persistence of such a phenomenon or a revolution. This paper shall discuss whether or not the shale gas revolution is just hype or whether it is reality. Various examples shall be used in order to support specific arguments for this paper. Shale gas increased to about 20%, from 1% in 2000 of the domestic gas production in the US by 2010 (Stevens, 2010). The Energy Information

Developing Effective Teamwork in Organisations Essay

Developing Effective Teamwork in Organisations - Essay Example Evaluation of the organizational theories and approaches with examples 12 3.Ways of using motivational theories in organisations 13 Task 1. Impact of leadership styles on motivation levels in organizations in periods of change 13 Task2a. 3 motivational theories 13 Task 2b. 3 workplace situations for the 3 motivational theories 14 Task 2c. Comparison and evaluation of theories against set criteria of ‘benefits of motivational theories’ for managers 14 4.Developing effective teamwork in organizations 15 Task 1. Review workforce in the organization with regards to group behaviours 15 Task 2a. 4 factors to be considered for building effective teams 15 Task 2b. Contribution of 4 factors towards development of teamwork 15 Task 2c. How the 4 factors can inhibit development of teamwork 16 Task 3. Evaluation of the impact of technology on team functioning in the organization 16 Reference 18 Context The project presents the context of British Petroleum, which accounts for one of t he leading oil and gas companies in the world. The organization is known for its immense success in providing customers with fuel, energy, retail services and petrochemical products which is required in their daily lives. The company’s unique feature lies in its sophisticated technology usage and techniques which it uses for finding natural gases and oil under the surface of the earth. The organization earns the reputation of constantly updating its scientific techniques and tools used in its methods and practices and responding to customers’ needs and requirements promptly and successfully. The efficiency and competency demonstrated by the company truly reflects through its organizational culture and structure. It also demonstrates perfect leadership styles in different situations and needs. The impacts of effective leadership shows through its ability in enhancing motivations of individuals in the organization such that it proves itself as one of the most preferred a nd attractive employer to work with. The organization’s effective and efficient team management styles also accounts for one of the main factors for success. The project proceeds with the description of the organizational structure and culture of British Petroleum and way it impacts on the business performance. The different approaches to leadership and management are discussed in this context. Finally the impact of technology and its influence on the team functioning in the organization is provided in the project. 1. Relationship between organization structure and culture Task 1a. Organizational structures British Petroleum reflects a geographically based organizational structure, particularly because of its large overseas sales which do not necessarily remain dominated by any single geographic territory. Global area structures are generally seen in organizations having narrow product lines; for example, the automobile organizations, cosmetics, containers, pharmaceuticals as well as food and beverages (John & Gillies, 1996, p.278). On the other hand the organizational structure of General Electric demonstrates a product divisional structure. The multinational organization is structured according to the product divisions which exist across the world. General Electric has product divisional structure mainly on account of its wide and diverse product ranges in which the user markets as well as the technologies very to quite an extent between the various product groups (John & Gillies,

Unit 4 Market for Health Insurance and Competition Essay

Unit 4 Market for Health Insurance and Competition - Essay Example by Congressional Budget Office, the health market challenges the federal and state governments as health care premiums continue to take an upward trend. More to these, health care costs seem to exceed the growth of American income, thus making it very expensive to afford health care in America. Consequent to these, fewer individuals get to enroll for the service, following the high cost involved. These factors compel the government to take measures that regulate the operation of the health market, thus ensuring that the insurance companies do not exercise their market power in a manner that can harm consumers, as well as the economy. Such measures include the evaluation of insurers who undertake mergers and acquisitions, to ensure that monopolies do not rule the health sector. The medical loss ratio refers to a statistical measurement of the fraction of the total premium revenue from health plans that get to be devoted to clinical services. In other words, the MLR relates to the portion of the premium revenue from health insurance plans paid to settle medical claims. Therefore, this ratio does not serve as a measure of the quality of care provided as premiums paid and expenditures incurred do not indicate the quality of care being given to individuals. Other measures, such as patient satisfaction surveys, and severity-adjusted clinical outcomes, provide better measures for gauging health performance. Consequently, the MLR should not be used to measure health performance, as it would lead to biased results (Austin, 43). Risk-adjusted premiums help in determining the expected treatment cost that an insured person would incur, if they were to fall ill. Higher rates exist for elderly individuals, compared to the younger population (Feldstein, 245). This ensures that insurance providers do not choose to insure healthier patients, and leave out the sick patients. Consequent to this, individuals who need health care most get to access insurance, and effective

Developing Effective Teamwork in Organisations Essay

Developing Effective Teamwork in Organisations - Essay Example Evaluation of the organizational theories and approaches with examples 12 3.Ways of using motivational theories in organisations 13 Task 1. Impact of leadership styles on motivation levels in organizations in periods of change 13 Task2a. 3 motivational theories 13 Task 2b. 3 workplace situations for the 3 motivational theories 14 Task 2c. Comparison and evaluation of theories against set criteria of ‘benefits of motivational theories’ for managers 14 4.Developing effective teamwork in organizations 15 Task 1. Review workforce in the organization with regards to group behaviours 15 Task 2a. 4 factors to be considered for building effective teams 15 Task 2b. Contribution of 4 factors towards development of teamwork 15 Task 2c. How the 4 factors can inhibit development of teamwork 16 Task 3. Evaluation of the impact of technology on team functioning in the organization 16 Reference 18 Context The project presents the context of British Petroleum, which accounts for one of t he leading oil and gas companies in the world. The organization is known for its immense success in providing customers with fuel, energy, retail services and petrochemical products which is required in their daily lives. The company’s unique feature lies in its sophisticated technology usage and techniques which it uses for finding natural gases and oil under the surface of the earth. The organization earns the reputation of constantly updating its scientific techniques and tools used in its methods and practices and responding to customers’ needs and requirements promptly and successfully. The efficiency and competency demonstrated by the company truly reflects through its organizational culture and structure. It also demonstrates perfect leadership styles in different situations and needs. The impacts of effective leadership shows through its ability in enhancing motivations of individuals in the organization such that it proves itself as one of the most preferred a nd attractive employer to work with. The organization’s effective and efficient team management styles also accounts for one of the main factors for success. The project proceeds with the description of the organizational structure and culture of British Petroleum and way it impacts on the business performance. The different approaches to leadership and management are discussed in this context. Finally the impact of technology and its influence on the team functioning in the organization is provided in the project. 1. Relationship between organization structure and culture Task 1a. Organizational structures British Petroleum reflects a geographically based organizational structure, particularly because of its large overseas sales which do not necessarily remain dominated by any single geographic territory. Global area structures are generally seen in organizations having narrow product lines; for example, the automobile organizations, cosmetics, containers, pharmaceuticals as well as food and beverages (John & Gillies, 1996, p.278). On the other hand the organizational structure of General Electric demonstrates a product divisional structure. The multinational organization is structured according to the product divisions which exist across the world. General Electric has product divisional structure mainly on account of its wide and diverse product ranges in which the user markets as well as the technologies very to quite an extent between the various product groups (John & Gillies,

Individual Happiness Contributes to the Harmonious Society Essay Example for Free

Individual Happiness Contributes to the Harmonious Society Essay If you have a chance to choose a life, what will you choose? The rich but unhappy life or the ordinary life with lifelong happiness? Most people will choose the latter, because it is the essence of the life. The pursuit of individual happiness is being acknowledged as a world right. People often assume that happiness is an individual thing, but the meaning of happiness shifts across the life course. Therefore, happiness contributes to the harmonious society because it has a positive impact on social life and commercial development. First of all, individual happiness makes a contribution in enhancing social relationships. Individual happiness can invisibly influence the social behavior. If a person feels happy, that will result in positive behavior. Generally speaking, happiness will affect his character and his subjective well-being. Apparently, a happy person will be kind to the people around his social circle. According to Dixon (2011), â€Å"The happiness participants felt about their past generosity, the more likely they were in the present to choose to spend on someone else instead of themselves†. People are willing to share happy feelings; they will be kind spending on others. Individual happiness creates a virtuous cycle between happiness and kindness. Likewise, in the case of people being more kind, the relationship of friends and family will be strengthened. On the other hand, â€Å"happiness is as essential as food if a child is to develop into normal manhood or womanhood: the purpose of bringing-up in all its phases should be to make the child as happy as possible. † (Stearns, 2012) parents have a special bond with their children. A negligible emotional change may have a significant impact on children’s growth. Children will grow up healthily and comfortably in a relaxed and happy environment. Vice versa, parents will become happier when they witness the growth of their children without any trouble. Hence, individual happiness makes a â€Å"positive feedback loop† (Dixon, 2012) that sets an important bond between people. It enhances the relationship and it is beneficial for everyone of each side in the small social circle. Secondly, individual happiness improves the social working atmosphere in the commercial area. More and more businessmen are trying to add the element of happiness into their goods. As Stearns stated, â€Å"Harvey Ball, created in 1963 the yellow smiley face, which took off even in the wake of the Kennedy assassination and whose annual licensing revenues exceeded $50 million within the decade. † Admittedly, Life and work are tough for workers in modern society. In addition, businessmen used happy gimmick in their goods, is actually helping people go out of the dull life due to busy work. Their idea finally made it, because individual happiness is contagious and easily accepted. Thereby, individual happiness has a huge commercial potential compared to ordinary sales systems. Correspondingly, people generally lack the happiness because they are under enormous pressure. The gimmick of happiness will set up a â€Å"positive feedback loop† that benefit to both sellers and customers. Moreover, individual happiness can contribute to a relax work atmosphere. According to Stearns (2012), happiness inspired new workplace standards that instructed white-collar employees and sales people in the centrality of cheerfulness†. Working for a optimistic boss or a serious boss? Most people will choose the former one. No one can tolerate the tough words and face of the boss day by day. Conversely, employees find it easier to accept a happy employer who can mobilize the enthusiasm of the staff. Emotion of employers plays an increasing important role in the work place. Hence, individual happiness can enhance the performance of the company. When employees working in a workplace that is full of happiness, they will be cheered up, the internal thought will drive them to enjoy their work and greatly improve the work efficiency. Individual happiness thereby is beneficial to the commercial development. Some public opinion suggested that the society needs to be more serious, so individual happiness will distract the people’s major goals. This statement is obviously not logical because it is a historical trend that individual happiness accounted for a large proportion of life. It builds a positive circle that promotes the development of society. Serious emotion does work some occasions, but in the whole environment, it will make people become rigid and less creative. To conclude, individual happiness not only enriches the relationship between people, but also brings more benefit in the business process. Truly, the happiness plays a neglected role in some cultures. They are still trying to hiding their people’s feeling. However, dull and serious words have far less influence than many smiling faces around you. Individual happiness gives people the latter feeling; those smiling faces can affect other’s lives in the broader society. All in all, the spreading of individual happiness will lead to a tremendous improvement that will enable more people to live in a harmonious society.

Colonialism and Immigration Restriction Act of 1901

Colonialism and Immigration Restriction Act of 1901 Alan Taylor Are Colonialism and the â€Å"Immigration Restriction Act of 1901† really dead in Australia? In this essay I will propose that colonialism and the ‘Immigration Restriction Act aka White Australia policy’,[1] are not dead, not just yet anyway. I will briefly outline some of the tensions in the community which led to the implementation of this policy in 1901. I will also investigate how the media of the day helped this policy along. I will then go on to explain how this policy, which was enacted to stop non Europeans entering Australia, effected the Indigenous population throughout the life of said policy. I will then go on to see if some points from this policy are being revived in today’s political environment, or is it just coincidence that these new legislations seem to align themselves with the White Australia policy of yesteryear. Also I will briefly examine if these new policies breach the ‘Human Rights Act’. One in particular, Operation Sovereign Borders,[2] designed to stop refugees entering the country illegally. By the end if this es say I should be able to answer the question posed above. The Immigration Restriction Act was the main component of a package of legislation acknowledged by the new Federal Parliament in 1901. It was premeditated to exclude all non-European migrants and also the Indigenous population who were deemed as not being Australian. This package also incorporated the ‘Pacific Islander Labourers Act and Section 15 of the 1901 Post and Telegraph Act’,[3] which provided that ships hauling Australian mail, and therefore funded by the Commonwealth, should provide work for white labour only.[4] The attitudes were in line with Australian nationalism of the late 1800s. And was a move to control non-European immigration to most of the Australian colonies dating back to the 1850s. The beginning of the White Australia policy began with the mining boom of the 1850s. The white miners anger towards the hard-working Chinese diggers ended in violence in Victoria and New South Wales. These two colonies governments initiated restraints on the immigration of Chinese people. Later, it was the turn of hard-working indentured labourers from the Pacific South Sea Islands known as Kanakas in the northern region of Queensland. The employees of factories in the south became strongly opposed to all forms of immigration which might threaten their employ; predominantly by non-white people who they thought would accept an inferior standard of living and also would work for lower wages. A number of influential Queenslanders felt that they would be expelled from the impending Federation if the Kanaka trade did not stop. Leading NSW and Victorian politicians advised that there would be no place for Asiatics or coloureds in the Australia of the future. In 1901, the new federal government voted for an Act ending the employment of Pacific Islanders and other non-white people. The Immigration Restriction Act 1901 obtained royal approval on the 23rd December1901. It was depicted as an Act to deliver certain limitations on immigration and for the removal from the Commonwealth of forbidden immigrants. The Act banned from immigration those considered to be insane, anyone expected to become a burden upon the public or upon any public or charitable institution. This also included any person suffering from an infectious or contagious disease of a loathsome or dangerous character. Other limitations put in place included a dictation test which was used to eliminate certain aspirants by entailing them to pass a written test. Often these tests were carried out in a language that the aspirant was not familiar with and had been selected by an immigration officer. With these strict measures in place the enactment of the White Australia policy was w armly applauded by most sections of the community. In 1919 the Prime Minister, William Morris Hughes, hailed it as the greatest thing we have achieved.[5] The Immigration Restriction Act demonstrates Australias stance toward immigration from federation until the later part of the 20th century, which preferred applicants from certain countries, most of these applicants were mainly of European nationality. The abolition of this policy occurred over a period of 25 years. After the 1949 election win of the alliance between the Liberal and Country parties, Immigration Minister Harold Holt permitted 800 non-European refugees to stay in Australia and Japanese war brides were allowed to enter Australia. Over succeeding years Australian governments steadily dismantled the policy with the final remnants being removed in 1973 by the new Labor government. The Immigration Restriction Act 1901 represents the official adoption by Commonwealth of Australia of racist policies that resulted in a form of immigration apartheid that grew out of racist 19th century community attitudes. Up until the middle of the20th century, these types of racist attitudes limited the Indigenous population from realizing the same rights as the white Australians. In the 1950s, many of the Indigenous population were relocated in missions where they had to abide to stringent conditions and to rely on handouts of food. A number were even forced to assimilate into white Australian society after being removed from their family homes as children, these were to become known as the stolen generations. The media throughout this period used cartoon images and headlines such as to put across the Government views on who should be allowed entry into Australia. While the policy which was enacted in 1901 to restrict the immigration of non Europeans has been dead, since 1973, I fear some components of said Policy are creeping back into today’s Policy making, in an age where we are considered to be in the post colonialism era. The measures undertaken during this period were helped along by the print media of the day, as it is today. On 21 June 2007, the Australian Government announced a ‘national emergency response to protect Aboriginal children in the Northern Territory’ from sexual abuse and family violence. This has become known as the ‘NT intervention’ or the ‘Emergency Response’.[6] The medium for the actions was the release of ‘Report of the Northern Territory Board of Inquiry into the Protection of Aboriginal Children from Sexual Abuse, titled Ampe Akelyernemane Meke Mekarle: ‘Little Children are Sacred’.’[7] Some parts of the ‘NT intervention’ policy, was to initiate extensive alcohol restrictions on the Aboriginal lands in the Northern Territory. The enforcing of school attendance by linking income support and family assistance payments to school attendance for all people living on Aboriginal lands and providing meals for children at school at the expense of the parents. Also the introduction of obligatory health checks for all Aboriginal children to aid in the recognizing and treating of health problems and any causes of abuse. As part of the urgent response to this emergency, there was an increase in policing levels in prescribed communities, including requesting verbal agreements from other jurisdictions to enhance NT resources, funded by the Australian Government. This was accomplished by improving authority by assigning managers of all government business to agreed communities.[8] As it stands, there is a need for considerable change for the NT intervention measures to be considered steady with Australia’s international human rights requirements. The Social Justice Report of 2007 outlined ten steps, to which I only mention a few, to modifying the intervention so that it is consistent with these obligations and ensures Indigenous individuals in Aboriginal communities in the NT equal treatment and full human dignity. In the 1990’s the Australian Government initiated Mandatory detention for Asylum seekers, under mandatory detention, any person who enters the Australian migration zone without a visa is located in a holding facility while health and security checks are carried out. At which time seemed fair. This in turn led to the Pacific Solution: 2001–2007 the Australian government policy of conveying asylum seekers to detention centres on island nations in the Pacific Ocean, while their refugee status was verified. In 2007, the Labor Party under Prime Minister Kevin Rudd discarded the Pacific Solution, by installing a more liberal asylum policy. Rudds government guaranteed to resolve all asylum claims within three months and closed the Nauru detention facility. In November 2012 Australia with the approval of Papua New Guinea opened an offshore processing facility on Manus Island, a remote location 800kms to the north of Papua New Guinea. It then started sending asylum seekers from Christmas Island, an Australian territory south of Java, to the Manus Island facility, over 4,800kms away. In July 2013 Australia then announced that all asylum seekers arriving in its territory by boat would, if they ascertain that these asylum seekers are actual refugees, would be resettled in Papua New Guinea, and not in Australia. In 2013 Amnesty International Australia released a report entitled ‘This Is Breaking People.’[9] This report looked into the Manus Island detention facility to see if the Labor government was in violation of the asylum seekers human rights. Also in the same year Amnesty International Australia also released another report entitled ‘The truth about Manus Island.’[10] They found that nearly five months into this new policy of sending the asylum seekers to Manus Island, it was clear that the Regional Resettlement Arrangement has resulted in a host of violations to their human rights. Some of the violations that they found were: ‘Asylum seekers are detained in the absence of any individualized assessment of the need for detention. Contrary to international law, the Regional Resettlement Arrangement with Papua New Guinea discriminates against asylum seekers on the basis of their means and date of arrival, treats as suspect all asylum seekers who arrive by boat, and penalizes them for their manner of arrival.’[11] One of the recommendations to fix these and other human rights violations was to: ‘Immediately review the Regional Resettlement Arrangement with Papua New Guinea and end offshore processing and the offshore detention of asylum seekers. All asylum seekers held in the Manus Island detention centre must be transferred back to Australian territory and given full access to asylum procedures in Australia.’[12] Today the Government is turning back the boats as promised with their policy Operation Sovereign Borders. ‘Operation Sovereign Borders is the Abbott governments military-led plan to combat people smugglers and treat the arrival of asylum seeker boats to Australia as a national emergency and a border protection crisis’.[13] In one cartoon from the White Australia policy era it depicts an Aboriginal looking menacing towards a landing party from England, the slogan reads ‘Trying to STOP THE BOATS’ these types of images were common under the Immigration Restriction Act. In the lead up to the 2013 Federal election, one of the slogans the then opposition party used for their campaign was ‘STOP THE BOATS’ in reference to asylum seekers arriving in Australia illegally by boat. At the very top of the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901, it states: ‘To place certain restrictions on Immigration and to provide for the removal from the Commonwealth of prohibited Immigrants. [Assented to 23rd December 1901]’[14] Are these policies influenced by the long dead Immigration Restriction Act, or is it just by coincidence that they appear similar. In conclusion it seems that the Immigration Restriction Act or ‘White Australia’ policy is creeping back into today’s political and national environment, but I hope that it is just coincidence that it looks that way. We did help write the human rights charter, yet it seems that we have been in violation of this charter for some time. Also with ‘NT intervention’ policy let’s hope it does not lead to another stolen generation. As a nation we should have learnt from previous mistakes made, to strive toward a nation that can be a role model for the global community. Let us not regress to our colonial past where we were perceived as a country of racists, for we as a nation live in a post colonial world. Finally to answer the question, ‘Are Colonialism and the â€Å"Immigration Restriction Act of 1901† really dead in Australia?’ Yes I do believe these to be a thing of the past and are dead in Australia. But if the I and the people of Australia cannot be tolerant off other people and their cultures, surely we will regress back to the days of colonialism and the ways of the ‘White Australia’ policy. Bibliography Amnesty International Australia, This Is Breaking People human rights violations at Australia’s asylum seeker processing centre on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea. accessed february 20, 2014. http://www.amnesty.org.au/images/uploads/about/Amnesty_International_Manus_Island_report.pdf.. Amnesty International Australia, The truth about Manus Island: 2013 report. Accessed February 10, 2014. http://www.amnesty.org.au/refugees/comments/33587/. (The truth about Manus Island: 2013 report) Australian Human Rights Commission, The Northern Territory ‘Emergency Response’ intervention – A human rights analysis. Accessed February 22, 2014. http://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/social_justice/sj_report/sjreport07/pdf/chap3.pdf. Australian Human Rights Commission, Social Justice Report 2007 Chapter 3: The Northern Territory Emergency Response intervention. Accessed February 22, 2014. http://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/social-justice-report-2007-chapter-3-northern-territory-emergency-response-intervention Museum of Australian Democracy, Immigration Restriction Act 1901 (Cth). Accessed February 19, 2014. http://foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-16.html. National Communications Branch, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Canberra, Fact Sheet 8 – Abolition of the White Australia Policy. Accessed February 09, 2014. http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/08abolition.htm. SBS. Factbox: Operation Sovereign Borders. News. http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/09/19/factbox-operation-sovereign-borders (accessed February 10, 2014). Thompson, Stephen. Migration Heritage Centre, Objects Through Time. Last modified 2011. (Accessed February 12, 2014) http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime/immigration-restriction-act/. Transcript. No. 17 of 1901. No. 17 of 1901. Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House, 1901. http://foundingdocs.gov.au/resources/transcripts/cth4ii_doc_1901a.pdf. (accessed 10 Feb 2014). Other Skwirk.com. History of racist attitudes and fear, White Australia: Immigration Restriction Act 1901, Australia to 1914, SOSE: History Year 9, NSW | Online Education Home Schooling Skwirk Australia. 2014. http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-56_u-127_t-350_c-1213/history-of-racist-attitudes-and-fear/nsw/history-of-racist-attitudes-and-fear/australia-to-1914/white-australia-immigration-restriction-act-1901 (accessed 11 Feb) [1] An Act to place certain restrictions on Immigration and to provide for the removal from the Commonwealth of prohibited Immigrants (No.17 of 1901) [2] Term the Government uses instead of ‘Stop the Boats’ [3] Immigration Restriction Act 1901 (Cth) [4] Fact Sheet 8 – Abolition of the White Australia Policy [5] Fact Sheet 8 – Abolition of the White Australia Policy [6] Social Justice Report 2007 Chapter 3: The Northern Territory Emergency Response intervention [7] Northern Territory ‘Emergency Response’ intervention – A human rights analysis [8] Brough, M., (Minister for Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs), National emergency response to protect children in the NT, Media Release, 21 June 2007. [9] This Is Breaking People 2013, 3 12 [10] The truth about Manus Island: 2013 report [11] This Is Breaking People 2013, 3 [12] This Is Breaking People 2013, 4 [13] Factbox: Operation Sovereign Borders. September 19, 2013 [14] Transcript 1901, 1

Aboriginal People of Canada Essay -- Canada

Aboriginal people represent less than 3% of the total population in BC. Yet, they account for more than 9% of all suicides in BC (Chandler). The numbers of suicides amongst aboriginal youth are even more alarming – nearly one-fourth of all youth suicides in BC are committed by aboriginals and more than half of all aboriginal suicides are committed by youth (Chandler). The fact that indigenous communities in Canada have the highest rate of suicide of any culturally identifiable group in the world implies that these alarming statistics may not solely be a result of aboriginal communities belonging to a minority cultural group. I will attempt to build a speculative hypothesis behind the significantly high suicide rates amongst aboriginal youth in Canada. I will do so by turning to three factors that I think are most important amongst the several factors that may be coming together and playing a role in the high vulnerability to suicide amongst aboriginal youth. I believe this is important because the more accurately we identify causal factors that may be responsible for aboriginal suicide, the more specific suicide prevention programs can be made. This pool of factors must include those that are common to all suicidal behaviour, those that are responsible for suicidal behaviour in marginalized communities and those that might be specific to the history and context of aboriginals in Canada. In this commentary I have chosen one factor from each of these three pools of factors – one, the interpersonal-psychological theory to explain suicide in general; two, loss of self-identity, which could be a leading cause for aboriginal suicide worldwide; and three, the impact of residential schools on the psychological makeup of aboriginals of Ca... ...l these communities by providing material, social and emotional support to them. Works Cited Bechtold, D. W. "Indian Adolescent Suicide: Clinical and Developmental Considerations." Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research: Journal of the National Center Monograph 4 (1994): 71-80. Print. Chandler, Michael. "Self & Cultural Continuity as a hedge against youth suicide." university of british columbia, 7 february (2012).presentation. Kirmayer, Laurence, et al. "Suicide Among Aboriginal People in Canada". Ottawa: Aboriginal Healing Foundation, (2007). Joiner, T. E. â€Å"Why people die by suicide. Cambridge.† MA: Harvard University Press (2005). Joiner, Thomas E. et al. â€Å"Main Predictions of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior: Empirical Tests in Two Samples of Young Adults.† Journal of abnormal psychology 118.3 (2009): 634–646.

The United Kingdom and India: A Study of Gender and Economic/Regional Cleavages :: India England Government Politics Essays

The United Kingdom and India: A Study of Gender and Economic/Regional Cleavages Introduction The United Kingdom, a former world power and colonizing empire, and India, the second most populous country in the world and former colony of the United Kingdom, share a bond of democracy. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with a Parliament consisting of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Similarly, India is a federal state also with a parliamentary form of government. Despite these similar political systems, studies of the individual histories, economies, and political cultures of each country reveal cleavages within each society affecting aspects of the governments such as institutions, voting behavior, and policy making. This paper will address two major cleavages within the United Kingdom and India, gender inequality and economic/regional divisions, and will analyze the effects each cleavage has upon political systems of each country. Gender Cleavages Although the United Kingdom and India include legal equality, or suffrage, for men and women, both countries experience a persistent gender gap including discrimination against women. The United Kingdom distinguishes itself from India in that gender issues affect the population primarily in government and in the labor realm, while India's cleavages influence the government, labor, and social realms. With the efforts of National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, formed in 1897, and the Women's Social and Political Union of 1903 (Bartley 8), women gained partial suffrage as those over thirty were allowed to vote in 1918, and in 1928, those twenty-one and older were included (Shively 111-112). Legislation was not passed until 1970, with the Equal Pay Act establishing that women should receive equal pay for the same work as men, and the Sex Discrimination Act of 1975 attempted to curb unfair practices preventing women's equal access to jobs (Makepeace 1). Despite these governmental at tempts to close the gender gap, women share only twenty-eight percent of total labor income (although this has increased from seventeen percent in 1965), and, while women continue to spend more time than men doing unpaid domestic work, women receive only sixty-four percent of men's average hourly pay in the labor market (Horrell 12-13). Further, women are underrepresented in government--they compromise less than one-fifth of the House of Commons (Taylor 1), sixteen percent of the House of Lords, and only twenty-five percent of local councilors (Follett 3). According to Parliament member, Barbara Follett, these few women in the House of Commons must conform to a male culture that is "competitive, confrontational, conservative, conformist, and ceremonial.

Benefits of Organic Food Essay

Organic food, once only found in health food stores, is now a consistent element at local supermarkets. So what is the difference between a conventionally grown apple and an organic one? The answer is in the way the crop is grown and what it is and is not exposed to. In order to be labeled â€Å"organic† the farmer who grew it used renewable resources and conservation of soil and water methods. Also, organic farmers do not use conventional pesticides or weed killers, which may contain synthetic ingredients or sewage sludge. According to Fisher, â€Å"Sewage sludge from municipalities’ waste may contain heavy metals and toxins . . . † (1). Rather, organic farmers use sophisticated crop rotations, spread mulch and manure, and even hand pull weeds to keep them away. Instead of applying pesticides, they use beneficial insects and birds or traps to keep pests from harming the crop. The organic apple at the grocery store was never exposed to pesticides, chemicals, additives or preservatives. Pesticides may cause harmful effects to the nervous system and mild skin and eye irritations. Chemicals used in additives and preservatives may disrupt the natural rebuilding of cells and your resistance to disease diminishes after continued exposure to these chemicals according to Lagerquist. According to the USDA, instead of these harmful ingredients, the organic apple has higher levels of minerals, vitamin C and antioxidants. Vitamin C is helpful in protecting your immune system, decreasing cardiovascular disease and promotes healthy skin. Antioxidants protect cells against free radicals that create destructive processes in the cells. Besides being beneficial to your health, organic food has a positive impact on the environment. Farming organic food allows for less groundwater to become contaminated that in the process of farming conventional crops. This is because organic crops are never exposed to harmful chemicals that can seep into the ground and infect our groundwater. This absence of chemicals in the ground water also means that the quality of the soil is greater. When the soil is not exposed to chemicals such as pesticides and insecticides, it is able to be of better quality. With better soil quality, comes stronger crops for years to come. Another benefit to the environment is that organic crops increase biodiversity. Biodiversity is created because the absence of chemical inputs creates a habitat suitable for wildlife. Also, because there is no insecticides used farmers of organic farms are forced to use natural pest control methods. This means that to control one type of pest, the famer has to bring in other pests to kill it, creating a diverse farm. Organic farms also do not use synthetic fertilizers, so one way to keep the soil up is to bring in different types of worms, arthropods, and microbes. These animals stabilize and detoxify soil. Organic farming also helps the environment by using conservation methods. Organic farms are planted where the crops could grow naturally, instead of clearing away land for the purpose of planting there. They also conserve soil by not only planting the crop, but also planting other vegetation where there are places crops are not growing to make sure the topsoil does not get blown away by the elements. Crop rotating is also used. This is when the farmer plants more than one crop in the same place. For example, one year the farmer might plant corn in field, but the next year he plants beans. This process of crop rotation increases the soils productivity and reduces need for farm land. Organic farmers do not use harmful fertilizers. Instead, they take advantage of reusable waste options. These options include human waste and waste from the farm animals. These natural fertilizers do not contain harmful ingredients and it also allows farms to ‘go green’ in a sense that the waste is not going elsewhere. Another environmentally-friendly practice that organic farmers use is tilling. Tilling stirs up the topsoil of farms and makes it so that the soil does not become compact. Compacted soil can result in soil that is unable to create a run-off surface. If this happens, the water will be unable to seep into the soil and irrigate the crop. Tractors passing over soil can cause this compaction to occur, which is why tilling is a more effective way to stir up the soil. And as a bonus, tilling can help get rid of weeds, so it is a win win. Pesticides and preservatives are not only harmful to human beings, but they are also harmful to our environment and ecosystems. Pesticides used in organic farming may run-off and contaminate nearby bodies of water. If enough contaminated run-off from pesticides and artificial fertilizers get into water, it is able to poison animals and fish that live there. According to Raloff, recent studies have demonstrated that exposure to hormones has a substantial effect on the gender and reproductive capacity of fish, throwing off the natural cycle, (1). This is not only harmful to the animals that live there, but if enough fish are dying because of poisoned run-off, the fish industry could suffer and it will affect humans as well. The same chemicals that poison bodies of water could seep into our groundwater and affect the well water we drink and use daily. This does not happen with organic farming, because no chemicals are ever sprayed on the fields and there is much more run off because of tilling practices. Organic farming does not only include crops. There is also organic eggs and meat produced by livestock raised on organic farms. During normal farming of animals, conventional farmers use medications, hormone shots, and antibiotics to promote the health and growth of the animals on their farm. On these conventional farms, animals are forced to be crowded together in dirty, indoor spaces. The living conditions make it necessary for these animals to receive regular medication to fight of diseases that may be caused by their poor living conditions. Because so many animals are crowded together, their manure accumulates rapidly and for convenience for the farmer, is sometimes poured into lagoons which can leak into local water sources and may contaminate our water. Scientists are studying the question that if humans eat hormones found in the meat of animals injected with hormones, if it can affect our human hormones the same way it affects the animal it was injected into. â€Å"Scientists believe about two-thirds of American cattle raised in for slaughter today are injected with hormones to make them grow faster and America’s dairy cows are given a genetically-engineered hormone .. . to increase milk production,† (Raloff, 1). These injected hormones are also a scare because if the animal is digesting them, it means that these chemicals are also in their manure, which is spread on the fields of crops we eat and may be dangerous. Not only could it affect the crop, but also the topsoil, and in turn the groundwater. And again, if it gets into a water source, it has the opportunity to harm the aquatic life living there. In one case, cattle injected with artificial growth hormones revealed serious health problems. These included deformed calves and an increase of a bacterial infection in the udder. In order to treat the infected cows, it needed antibiotics and eventually became reliant on them. Cattle are often forced to produce so much milk that they cannot keep up the nutrients they are losing in the milk and the amount they are given in their food. This imbalance causes them to become malnourished and it makes it easier for them to get more diseases. This type of mistreatment and malnutrition does not happen on organic farms. Healthy plants and animals are more disease resistant. This fact means that as long as the plants and animals are kept clean and healthy, there is little to no need for use of antibiotics or medications. Organic farmers keep the facilities clean to reduce the amount of diseases caused by poor living conditions. Organic farmers allow livestock to live in outdoor conditions with plenty of grazing room. This extra room can greatly decrease the number of diseases in the livestock because they won’t be crowded together to closely. On a conventional farm, livestock is kept indoors and fed possibly unhealthy grains made to make them grow. This is not the case on organic farms. Livestock is kept on a balanced diet and fed using a rotational grazing process. Rotational grazing means that once the livestock has eaten all the grass and vegetation from one field, the farmer will move them to another to allow the vegetation to grow back. This helps maintain the health of the farmland and also keeps the livestock happy by keeping them in an area with enough food, if the livestock is well fed, there is less of a chance that it will get sick as well. If livestock are kept healthy, there is no reason to give it medications, which may not be healthy for the consumer. Organic foods are never bioengineered. Bioengineered foods are foods that are manipulated through their DNA to have traits that are desired. For example, many foods are bioengineered to be resistant to insects, herbicides, and diseases. These crops may seem like a good idea, but many have wondered if these genetically altered crops could be harmful to humans. Crops resistant to bugs and weeds have caused Mother Nature to fight back with â€Å"superbugs† and â€Å"superweeds†, bugs and weeds that have evolved to overcome genetically altered plants. Cases like this cause scientists to turn it up a notch and create a new crop that can defeat the â€Å"supers†. But when is enough enough? Soon the weeds and bugs could become resistant to every type of herbicide resistant plant. There are many health scares associated with bioengineered foods. One is that if a gene is injected into a crop to make it have a more desirable trait, this gene may cause an unexpected danger to the consumer. One such danger is allergic reactions. For example . . . â€Å"bean plants that were genetically modified to increase cysteine and methionine content were discarded after the discovery that the expressed protein of the transgene was highly allergenic† (Villano, 1). Sometimes these dangers can be detected before it is introduced into the public, but sometimes it is not found until several people are affected. Another health risk concerned genetically engineered foods is that for most plants, it is simple to tell that the genetic altering caused an unusual problem in the crop, but in some cases, this is not easily seen. If it is a very obvious problem, the crop may be discarded immediately based on the appearance. However, if the genetic altering caused a problem in low or uneasily seen genes, it may become a problem for the consumer especially if the mutation is in the edible portion of the plant. Again, most of the time these problems would be detected before it is presented to the public, but it may not always be found that soon. This is a very dangerous risk to take. In addition to not being bioengineered, organic food is never exposed to radiation. Food irradiation is frequently used on conventional food because ionizing radiation is can be used to kill bacteria and other germs that may be found in certain foods. These conventionally grown foods are passed through radiation waves on a convention belt. This type of radiation attacks the unwanted organism’s DNA beyond its ability to repair. It can also be used to stop the natural ripening process of fruit in order to prolong the food’s shelf life, and it can be helpful in managing bacteria and other harmful organisms There is much criticism about ionizing radiation. One concern is that irradiation may disguise spoiled food by means of altering the natural growth process of the food. The radiation prolongs its shelf life, but there is reason the food has an expiration date. Some believe that the natural decay of food should not be tampered with. Another scare to some critics is that these chemical changes may not be healthy for the consumer. There are many regulations and inspections in food plants that use irradiation practices, but many critics believe that there is not enough extensive research done of the subject. Critics have several arguments against food irradiation. They argue that food preservation techniques are inefficient because it is unable to undo food spoilage that happened before the radiation treatment. This means that the food is ‘stuck’ in a certain stage of maturity that may not be ideal for the consumer. Another argument is that the radiation process, while getting rid of unwanted organisms, may also remove nutrients that are vital or helpful for the consumer. There are several risks associated with buying conventional foods. These foods may contain pesticides, chemicals, additives, or preservatives that are not natural and may be very harmful for the consumer. When buying organic food, there is never a risk of ingesting any of these harmful substances. Organic farmers use only natural methods of keeping insects, diseases, and weeds away to unsure safety for the consumer. Unlike conventional farms, organic farms are more diverse, more conservative, and use reusable and environmentally friendly practices to keep the earth in good physical shape for years to come. Instead of being concerned with convenience, organic foods focus on health. There are never artificially introduced hormones, sewage sludge, bioengineering, or ionizing radiation exposed to organically grown foods. The most disturbing fact about conventionally grown foods that is that little has been tested in the procedures used to grow the food conveniently. It is not proven that food exposed to radiation, bioengineering, pesticides, herbicides, medications, hormones and antibiotics given to livestock are harmless to humans. Many critics believe that these practices could cause extreme damage to humans in the future if it is not tested more thoroughly. So why not play it safe? Organic foods have none of these health risks and actually have higher levels of minerals, Vitamin C, and antioxidants.